Anilinopyrimidine (AP) [Group 9] management strategy for botrytis bunch rot (Botrytis cinerea) in wine grapes
Disclaimer:
The fungicide and bactericide resistance information in the mode of action group table, the mode of action-based strategies and the crop-based strategies is intended to help manage the effects of pesticide resistance on plant disease control by agrochemicals in New Zealand. The New Zealand Committee on Pesticide Resistance (NZCPR) is a subcommittee of the New Zealand Plant Protection Society (NZPPS). The following parties: NZCPR, NZPPS, any people named in the strategies and any organisation the people may be affiliated with, do not guarantee that the resistance information is complete, consistent, accurate or up-to-date, or that resistance will not develop, or that the degree of resistance will decrease, as a result of the resistance information being used, and the parties accept no liability for loss or damage arising from the use of the resistance information contained in these strategies.
Introduction
APs are among the most effective fungicides for botrytis bunch rot management in wine grapes when vineyard populations of B. cinerea are sensitive to them. Resistance has been recorded in New Zealand vineyards but restrictions on the number of AP applications recommended per season has allowed Group 9 products to still be effectively used in most vineyards. Ongoing monitoring of B. cinerea sensitivity to APs is essential to provide information about the national frequency of resistant types and whether APs are still providing bunch rot control.
Objective of this guideline
The objective of this guideline is to maximise the useful life of AP fungicides for control of botrytis bunch rot (botrytis) in wine grapes in New Zealand.
Note: Also refer to the separate resistance management guidelines in New Zealand Winegrowers annual Spray Schedule, which may differ from this strategy [link].
Resistance management relies on limiting numbers of applications of at-risk fungicides and mixing or alternating them with effective fungicides from different cross resistance groups. Natural products, biological control agents and some synthetic fungicides with low activity against B. cinerea are not suitable as mixing or alternation partners with APs for resistance management as they are not expected to provide any reduction in resistance selection pressure on the AP fungicides.
| Total number of botrytis-specific fungicide applications (excluding natural products and biological controls)1 | Maximum number of AP applications3 | Mixing4 | Application rates in mixtures |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1-3 botrytis-specific applications per season | Max. 1 per season | Always apply in mixture with another effective botrytis-specific fungicide, either as a co-formulated product or a tank mix | In both co-formulated products and tank mixtures, either component on its own should provide an effective fungicidal dose against B. cinerea. Do not reduce rates of fungicides applied in mixtures. |
| 1-6 botrytis-specific applications per season | Max. 2 per season | ||
| 7 or more botrytis-specific applications per season | Max. 3 per season |
1 A botrytis-specific fungicide application contains one or more fungicide products with high activity against Botrytis cinerea. Biological control agents, plant defence elicitors and products whose primary effect is on plant nutrition do not have sufficient activity against B. cinerea to be considered botrytis-specific products. Some inorganic fungicides and older synthetic fungicides, which have low activity against B. cinerea, are not suitable as mixing partners for resistance management. See Sustainable Winegrowing New Zealand (SWNZ) product list below.
2 SWNZ stipulates a maximum of six botrytis-specific fungicide applications per season. This maximum relates to sustainable viticultural practices and residue management and is not, in itself, a requirement for resistance management.
3 Maximum number of applications containing an AP fungicide that must not to be exceeded each growing season. Note: Every application that contains an AP fungicide, including mixtures, is one count towards the season's AP total.
4 A mixing partner must be a botrytis-specific fungicide from a different cross-resistance group, applied at a rate which on its own would provide effective control of botrytis bunch rot.
| Product name | Active ingredient | Fungicide group (for mixing with APs) | Suitability as a mixing partner in AP-containing applications |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amistar | azoxystrobin | Quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) | No |
| Apex | pyrimethanil + fluazinam | Dintro-aniline | Yes – this product contains an AP with a suitable mixing partner |
| Armour-Zen | chitosan | No | |
| Botry-Zen | Ulocladium oudemansii | No | |
| Bravo | chlorothalonil | No | |
| Cabrio WG | pyraclostrobin | QoI | No |
| Captan | captan | No | |
| copper (various) | various active ingredients | No | |
| Diva, Ethpyri, Predict, Pyrus, Scala | pyrimethanil | AP | No - these are all AP's |
| Folio Gold | metalaxyl-m + chlorothalonil | No | |
| Gem, Nando, Pinnacle | fluazinam | Dintro-aniline | Yes |
| Max | metalaxyl + chlorothalonil | No | |
| MicroPlus | Streptomyces lydicus | No | |
| Pristine | pyraclostrobin + boscalid | QoI + SDHI | Yes |
| Protek | carbendazim | Benzimidazole | No |
| Protector | fatty acid | No | |
| Rovral | iprodione | Dicarboximide | Yes |
| Sentinal | Trichoderma atroviridae | No | |
| Serenade Max | Bacillus subtilis | No | |
| Sumisclex | procymidone | Dicarboximide | Yes |
| Punch, Renova, Savy, Switch | cyprodinil + fludioxonil | AP + phenylpyrrole | Yes – these products contains an AP with a suitable mixing partner |
| Teldor | fenhexamid | Hydroxyanilide | Yes |
| Teldor Scala Combi | fenhexamid + pyrimethanil | Hydroxyanilide + AP | Yes – this mixture is an AP with a suitable mixing partner |
| Teracep | peracetic acid + hydrogen peroxide | No | |
| Thiram | thiram |
No |
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